Risk Metrics

Sharpe Ratio

Risk-adjusted return: how much excess return you earn per unit of total risk (volatility).

Formula

Sharpe = (Portfolio Return − Risk-Free Rate) / Portfolio Volatility

Portfolio Return
Annualized return of the investment
Risk-Free Rate
Return of a theoretically riskless asset (e.g. 3-month T-bill)
Portfolio Volatility
Annualized standard deviation of returns

Developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe in 1966, the Sharpe Ratio is the gold standard for comparing risk-adjusted returns. It answers: 'For every unit of risk I take on, how much excess return do I get above the risk-free rate?'

A Sharpe Ratio above 1.0 is generally considered good. Above 2.0 is excellent. Below 1.0 means the investment may not be adequately compensating investors for the volatility risk they are taking. A negative Sharpe means the investment underperformed even a risk-free savings account.

The Sharpe Ratio uses total volatility (both upside and downside fluctuations) as its risk measure. This is its main weakness — it penalizes upside volatility equally with downside volatility. For skewed return distributions (e.g. assets with frequent small gains and occasional large losses), the Sortino Ratio is a more informative alternative.

On StressTest.pro, the Sharpe Ratio is calculated using daily return data annualized over the full measurement window, with the prevailing 10-Year US Treasury yield as the risk-free rate proxy.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good Sharpe Ratio?

Generally: below 1.0 is weak, 1.0–1.99 is good, 2.0+ is excellent. Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway has historically maintained a Sharpe near 0.75 — a reminder that even legendary returns can come with meaningful volatility drag.

What is the difference between Sharpe and Sortino ratios?

Sharpe penalizes all volatility including upside surprises. Sortino only penalizes downside volatility (semi-deviation), making it more appropriate for assets with asymmetric return distributions.

See Sharpe Ratio in Action

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Disclaimer

The information provided by StressTest.pro is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Investment involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Calculations are based on historical data and statistical approximations.