Returns

CAGR

Compound Annual Growth Rate — the annualized rate of return over a period, accounting for compounding.

Formula

CAGR = (Ending Value / Beginning Value)^(1/n) − 1

Ending Value
Portfolio or asset value at the end of the period
Beginning Value
Portfolio or asset value at the start of the period
n
Number of years in the measurement period

The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) is one of the most important metrics in investing. Unlike a simple average annual return, CAGR accounts for compounding — the effect of reinvesting gains year over year. This makes it vastly more accurate when comparing investments across different time periods or asset classes.

For example, if a portfolio grows from $10,000 to $19,487 over 7 years, the CAGR is exactly 10% per year. But the headline 'average annual return' could be much higher or lower depending on year-to-year volatility. CAGR smooths out that noise.

On StressTest.pro, CAGR is calculated for 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year windows based on daily market data. We display both nominal CAGR and Inflation-Adjusted CAGR (Real CAGR) to give an accurate picture of true purchasing-power growth. A positive 10Y CAGR above the prevailing inflation rate means the asset has genuinely grown wealth over the decade.

A common pitfall: CAGR assumes a smooth path and ignores volatility. Two portfolios could have identical 10Y CAGRs but wildly different risk profiles. Always pair CAGR with Max Drawdown and Volatility to get the full picture.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good CAGR for a stock?

Historically, the S&P 500 has delivered a 10-year CAGR of roughly 10–12% (nominal). Individual stocks with 15%+ 10Y CAGRs are generally considered strong performers, but higher CAGR typically comes with higher volatility and drawdown risk.

What is the difference between CAGR and average return?

Average return simply sums annual returns and divides by the number of years. CAGR uses the geometric mean, accounting for compounding. For volatile assets, CAGR will almost always be lower than the average return — the difference is called 'volatility drag'.

See CAGR in Action

Run a real backtest on any stock or ETF to see CAGR computed live from 10 years of data.

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Disclaimer

The information provided by StressTest.pro is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Investment involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Calculations are based on historical data and statistical approximations.